據(jù)油氣新聞網(wǎng)9月23日?qǐng)?bào)道，根據(jù)日前的《可再生能源與就業(yè)：2022年年度回顧》報(bào)告顯示，盡管新冠疫情的影響揮之不去，能源危機(jī)不斷加劇，但去年全球可再生能源領(lǐng)域的就業(yè)崗位達(dá)到1270萬，一年內(nèi)增加70萬個(gè)新就業(yè)崗位。

該報(bào)告指出，除了勞動(dòng)力和其他成本外，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)規(guī)模是影響可再生能源創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的主要因素。

據(jù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，太陽能是增長(zhǎng)最快的行業(yè)。2021年，該行業(yè)提供了430萬個(gè)就業(yè)崗位，超過當(dāng)前全球可再生能源勞動(dòng)力的三分之一。

這份新報(bào)告是由國(guó)際可再生能源機(jī)構(gòu)（Irena）與國(guó)際勞工組織（ILO）在美國(guó)匹茲堡舉行的全球清潔能源行動(dòng)論壇期間聯(lián)合發(fā)表的。

隨著人們對(duì)氣候變化、新冠疫情復(fù)蘇和供應(yīng)鏈中斷的擔(dān)憂日益加劇，各國(guó)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈本地化和在國(guó)內(nèi)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的興趣與日俱增。該報(bào)告描述了強(qiáng)勁的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)是推動(dòng)清潔能源工業(yè)化的關(guān)鍵。并補(bǔ)充道，發(fā)展可再生技術(shù)出口能力也取決于此。

Irena總干事Francesco La Camera表示，可再生能源就業(yè)仍具彈性，并且已被證明是一個(gè)可靠的創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的引擎。我對(duì)世界各國(guó)政府的建議是推行鼓勵(lì)在國(guó)內(nèi)擴(kuò)大體面的可再生能源就業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。刺激國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)值鏈不僅會(huì)為人民和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)創(chuàng)造商機(jī)和新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。還增強(qiáng)了供應(yīng)鏈的可靠性，并有助于提高整體能源安全。

該報(bào)告顯示，越來越多的國(guó)家正在可再生能源領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。幾乎三分之二這樣的工作崗位都在亞洲。僅中國(guó)就占全球總量的42%，其次是歐盟和巴西，各占10%，美國(guó)和印度各占7%。

國(guó)際勞工組織總干事蓋伊·萊德表示，人們?cè)絹碓疥P(guān)注可再生能源領(lǐng)域的工作質(zhì)量和工作條件，以確保體面和生產(chǎn)性就業(yè)。我鼓勵(lì)政府、工人和雇主組織繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定地致力于可持續(xù)的能源轉(zhuǎn)型，這對(duì)未來的工作是不可或缺的。

該報(bào)告著重介紹了一些值得注意的區(qū)域和國(guó)家事態(tài)發(fā)展。其中包括東南亞國(guó)家成為主要的太陽能光伏（PV）制造中心和生物燃料生產(chǎn)國(guó)。

中國(guó)是卓越的太陽能光伏電池板制造商和安裝商，并在海上風(fēng)電領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造了越來越多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。印度新增了超過10吉瓦的太陽能光伏發(fā)電，創(chuàng)造了許多安裝工作，但仍然嚴(yán)重依賴進(jìn)口電池板。

歐洲目前約占世界風(fēng)力發(fā)電量的40%，是風(fēng)力發(fā)電設(shè)備最重要的出口商；其正試圖重組其太陽能光伏制造業(yè)。

非洲的作用仍然有限，但該報(bào)告指出，分散式可再生能源的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)越來越多，特別是在支持當(dāng)?shù)厣虡I(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)方面。

郝芬 譯自 油氣新聞網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Global renewable energy jobs soar to 12.7 m in 2021 despite Covid

Worldwide employment in renewable energy reached 12.7 million last year, a jump of 700,000 new jobs in one year, despite the lingering effects of Covid-9 and the growing energy crisis, according to the "Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2022" report.

The report identifies domestic market size as a major factor influencing employment generation in renewables, along with labour and other costs.

Solar energy was found to be the fastest-growing sector. In 2021 it provided 4.3 million jobs, more than a third of the current global workforce in renewable energy.

The new report was published by the International Renewable Energy Agency (Irena) in collaboration with the International Labour Organisation (ILO), during the Global Clean Energy Action Forum in Pittsburgh, US.

With rising concerns about climate change, Covid-19 recovery and supply chain disruption, national interest is growing in localising supply chains and creating jobs at home. The report describes how strong domestic markets are key to anchoring a drive toward clean energy industrialisation. Developing renewable technology export capabilities is also dependent on this, it adds.

Francesco La Camera, Irena’s Director-General, said, "Renewable energy jobs remain resilient, and have been proven to be a reliable job creation engine. My advice to governments around the world is to pursue industrial policies that encourage the expansion of decent renewables jobs at home. Spurring a domestic value chain will not only create business opportunities and new jobs for people and local communities. It also bolsters supply chain reliability and contributes to more energy security overall."

The report shows that an increasing number of countries are creating jobs in renewables. Almost two-thirds of all these jobs are in Asia. China alone accounts for 42 percent of the global total, followed by the EU and Brazil with ten percent each, and the USA and India with seven percent each.

ILO Director-General Guy Ryder said: "There is a growing focus on the quality of jobs and the conditions of work in renewable energies, to ensure decent and productive employment. 

"I encourage governments, workers’ and employers’ organisations to remain firmly committed to a sustainable energy transition, which is indispensable for the future of work," he stated.

The report highlights some notable regional and national developments. These include Southeast Asian countries becoming major solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing hubs and biofuel producers. 

China is the pre-eminent manufacturer and installer of solar PV panels and is creating a growing number of jobs in offshore wind. India added more than 10 Gigawatts of solar PV, generating many installation jobs, but remains heavily dependent on imported panels.

Europe now accounts for about 40% of the world’s wind manufacturing output and is the most important exporter of wind power equipment; it is trying to reconstitute its solar PV manufacturing industry. 

Africa’s role is still limited, but the report points out that there are growing job opportunities in decentralised renewables, especially in support of local commerce, agriculture, and other economic activities.